• Mothers' Cultural Experiences

    Experiencias Culturales de Madres

    a UCLA Research Study

    Encuesta de UCLA

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    What is the purpose of this study?

    "Mothers' Cultural Experiences" is a research study about women’s cultural identities, preferences, and experiences. Knowledge gained from this study may improve our ability to measure how women adjust to new cultures and ways of life, and why moving to a new culture affects people’s health differently.

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    ¿Que es el propósito de este estudio?

    'Experiencias Culturales de las Madres' es un proyecto de investigacíon sobre las identidades, preferencias, y experiencias culturales. El conocimiento obtenido de este estudio puede mejorar nuestra capacidad de medir cómo las mujeres se adaptan a las nuevas culturas y formas de vida, y por qué el cambio a una nueva cultura afecta la salud de las personas en maneras diferentes.

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    Who can participate?

     

     

     

    This study focuses on pregnant and postpartum Latina, Hispanic, Chicana, or Mexicana women.

     

     

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    ¿Quién puede participar?

     

     

    Este estudio se enfoca en mujeres latinas, hispanas, chicanas, o mexicanas embarazadas o en posparto.

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    What are the scientific goals of the study?

    Our ultimate goal is to investigate how the acculturation experiences of pregnant Latina American women influence biological factors in pregnancy that can influence the development of the as-yet-unborn baby. These influences may be protective and helpful for the baby's health, or might alter the baby's responses to the environment it encounters after it's born. We're interested in how the mother's cultural experiences might have effects that transmit across generations.

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    ¿Cuáles son los objetivos científicos del estudio?

    Nuestro objetivo final es investigar cómo las experiencias de aculturación de las mujeres latinas embarazadas influyen en los factores biológicos del embarazo que pueden influir en el desarrollo del bebé aún no nacido. Estas influencias pueden ser protectoras y útiles para la salud del bebé, o pueden alterar las respuestas del bebé al entorno que encuentra después de que nace. Nos interesa cómo las experiencias culturales de la madre pueden tener efectos que transmiten a través de las generaciones.

  • Who We Are

    Quienes Somos

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    Lead researcher

    Dr. Molly Fox

    Dr. Fox is an Associate Professor of Anthropology and Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences at UCLA. Her personal website is mollyfox.strikingly.com

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    Funding agency

    This research is generously funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, a.k.a. the NIH

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    Research assistants

    We have a great team of students!

    Current and Past:

     

    Katherine Najarro, UCLA

    Janelly Jimenez, UCLA

    Cynthia Zarate, UCLA

    Andrew Mitchel, UCLA

    Davis Mai, UCLA

    Alex Tenorio, UCLA

    Allison Whang, UCLA

    Andrea Ambor, UCLA

    Celeste Castro, UCLA

    Bethany Ru, UCLA

    Cate Remphrey, UCLA

    Michelle Silva, UCLA

    Itzel Garcia, UC Irvine

    Elizabeth Flores, UC Irvine

    Tian Walker, CSU Long Beach

    Zenaida Flores, CSU Channel Islands

    Danielle Taylor, UCLA

    Alan (Huanyu) Liang, UCLA

    Alexandria Lee, UCLA

    Coralia Guandique, CSU Northridge

    Kristine Chua, UCLA

    Julia Rothschild, Brown University

    Olivia Schulist, UCLA

    Michelle Tenggara, UCLA

    Melanie Fun, UCLA

    Emily Wang, UCLA

    Valeria Calvillo, UCI

    Jenneffer Vazquez, UCLA

    Jess Percic, Santa Monica College

    Waania Beg, UCLA

    Andrew Osgood, UCLA

    Zoe Hull, UCLA

    Amberly Gangi, U Washington

    Allison Lipschitz, UCLA

    Julia Barnett, CSUMB

    Delaney Knorr, UCLA

    Kotrina Kojokaite, UCLA

     

  • Apply to join our team!

    If you're interested in joining the team as a research assistant, please fill in the form below. In the message, include your university, year (freshman, sophomore, etc) or graduate program, major or course of study, and a few sentences about why you're interested.

  • Selected Presentations

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    UCLA Undergraduate Research Day 2019

    Janelly Jimenez, Cynthia Zarate, Olivia Schulist & Katherine Najarro

    "Low Anxiety-states in Pregnant Latina Women Linked to Social Relationships Between Intergenerational Mothers"

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    UCLA Undergraduate Research Day 2019

    Waania Beg, Celeste Castro, Davis Mai

    "Examining the effects of paternal support on pregnancy unwantedness"

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    UCLA Undergraduate Research Day 2019

    Allison Lipschitz

    "Relationship Between Acculturation Stress and Pregnancy Related Anxieties in Pregnant and Early Postnatal Latina Women"

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    International Society for Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health, 2023

    Delaney Knorr

    "Prenatal Psychological Distress and a Novel Biomarker of Placental Invasiveness"

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    International Society for Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health, 2023

    Amanda Reshke

    "Exposure to a wider variety of paternal antigens is associated with decreased maternal inflammation"

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    International Society for Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health, 2023

    Dayoon Kwon

    "Association of pica with cortisol and inflammation among Latina pregnant women"

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    International Society for Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health, 2023

    Molly Fox

    "How women’s immunoregulatory phenotypes during pregnancy relate to their own childhood history of microbial exposure"

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    International Society for Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health, 2022

    Delaney Knorr

    "Prenatal loneliness as a unique predictor of offspring birth weight in a cohort of Latina mothers"

  • Scientific details

    Los Detalles Científicos

    Research that helps people... starting even before they're born...

    Investigación que ayuda a las personas ... comenzando incluso antes de que nazcan ...

    Background

    This project addresses issues of health and health disparities in Mexican-American women and children. The importance of investigating the biobehavioral determinants of health disparities in underprivileged minority populations, and particularly among Mexican immigrants in the U.S., is well established. In this context, a crucial issue that warrants further investigation relates to the underlying cause(s) of the robust and alarming epidemiologic observations that Mexican immigrants in the U.S. exhibit a progressive and pronounced decline in health over time and across generations. The construct of acculturation (post-migration socio-cultural adjustment) is most frequently invoked as an explanation because acculturation produces psychological and behavioral changes that affect health. However, a major limitation of this paradigm, as currently formulated, is that it does not address the aspect of the intergenerational decline in health.

    Los antecedentes

    Este proyecto aborda problemas de salud y disparidades de salud en mujeres y niños mexicoamericanos. La importancia de investigar los determinantes bioconductuales de las disparidades de salud en las poblaciones minoritarias desfavorecidas, y particularmente entre los inmigrantes mexicanos en los EE. UU., está bien establecida. En este contexto, un tema crucial que merece mayor investigación se relaciona con la(s) causa(s) subyacente(s) de las observaciones epidemiológicas robustas y alarmantes de que los inmigrantes mexicanos en los EE. UU. muestran un declive progresivo y pronunciado en la salud a través del tiempo y entre generaciones. El constructo de aculturación (ajuste sociocultural posterior a la migración) se invoca con mayor frecuencia como una explicación porque la aculturación produce cambios psicológicos y de comportamiento que afectan la salud. Sin embargo, una limitación importante de este paradigma, tal como se formula actualmente, es que no aborda el aspecto del declive intergeneracional de la salud.

    New approach

    We suggest that the intergenerational decline in health could be a consequence of acculturation-related biological changes in women. During pregnancy, these changes may be transmitted to the next generation (the developing fetus) to influence offspring phenotypes that determine susceptibility for chronic illness (particularly metabolic disorders and obesity). Additionally, we suggest that many of the inconsistencies of study findings in the acculturation and health literature can be attributed to limitations of conceptualization and operationalization of the construct, and of failure to consider the role of social context as an effect modifier (e.g., residence in an ethnic enclave; contrast of life in origin/host countries). This project seeks to address both these important limitations.

    Un nuevo enfoque

    Sugerimos que el declive intergeneracional en la salud podría ser una consecuencia de los cambios biológicos relacionados con la aculturación en las mujeres. Durante el embarazo, estos cambios pueden transmitirse a la siguiente generación (el feto en desarrollo) para influir en los fenotipos de las crías que determinan la susceptibilidad a las enfermedades crónicas (en particular los trastornos metabólicos y la obesidad). Además, sugerimos que muchas de las inconsistencias de los hallazgos del estudio en la literatura sobre aculturación y salud pueden atribuirse a limitaciones de conceptualización y operacionalización del constructo, y de no considerar el papel del contexto social como un modificador del efecto (por ejemplo, residencia en un enclave étnico, el contraste de la vida en los países de origen / de acogida). Este proyecto busca abordar ambas limitaciones importantes.

    First steps

    As the first and necessary step towards eventually addressing the above hypothesis of intergenerational transmission (via gestational biology) of the effects of maternal acculturation on child health, we are working to develop an optimized measure of acculturation for Mexican immigrants in the context of health, including the specific domain of pregnancy and maternal-child health, and evaluating the premise that in pregnant women, acculturation status is associated with key indicators of gestational biology that can affect the offspring’s development.

    Los Primeros Pasos

    Como el primer paso necesario para abordar finalmente la hipótesis anterior de transmisión intergeneracional (a través de la biología gestacional) de los efectos de la aculturación materna en la salud infantil, estamos trabajando para desarrollar una medida optimizada de aculturación para los inmigrantes mexicanos en el contexto de la salud, incluyendo el dominio específico del embarazo y la salud materno-infantil, y la evaluación de la premisa de que en las mujeres embarazadas, el estado de aculturación se asocia con indicadores clave de la biología gestacional que pueden afectar el desarrollo de la descendencia.
  • Articles

    These are "peer reviewed" articles that have been published, mainly intended for the scientific community, to further research and policy relevant to this project.

    This is a scientific article called "How prenatal cortisol levels relate to grandmother-mother relationships among a cohort of Latina women"
    This is a scientific article called "Sociopolitical stressors are associated with psychological distress in a cohort of Latina women during early pregnancy"
    This is a scientific article called "What Do Your Neighbors Think About You? How Perceived Neighbor Attitudes Toward Latinos Influence Mental Health Among a Pregnant Latina Cohort"
    This is a scientific article called "An evolutionary perspective on the association between grandmother-mother relationships and maternal mental health among a cohort of pregnant Latina women"
    This is a scientific article called "How a pregnant woman’s relationships with her siblings relate to her mental health: a prenatal allocare perspective"
    This is a scientific article called "How demographics and concerns about the Trump administration relate to prenatal mental health among Latina women​"

    This is a scientific article called

    "Prenatal and Postnatal Mother-to-Child Transmission of Acculturation’s Health Effects in Hispanic Americans."
    This is a scientific article called "Intergenerational Transmission of the Effects of Acculturation on Health in Hispanic Americans: A Fetal Programming Perspective"